NotesPapa
In UGC NET, the paper I syllabus under higher education system contains topics which are also related to current affairs and past education system such as acts and schemes.
Types of Education Commission since independence:
University Education Commission (1948-49)
It was under the chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishan.
It was the first Commission on education after Independence. Its major emphasis was on higher education but it also touched upon the issues related to school education.
The University Education Commission laid great stress on the introduction of general education throughout school.
The Commission clearly wanted that school should diversify its outcomes in such a way that many could effectively participate in real life by taking up jobs or self-employment and only very few would continue study beyond school.
First recommendation of Three Language formula.
Secondary Education Commission (1952-53)
A separate education commission was appointed under the chairmanship of Dr. Lakshamanaswami Mudaliyar in 1952 to address the issues related to school education.
The Commission Report (1952) had envisaged schools to play a crucial role in developing democratic citizenship, emphasizing that “democracy is based on faith and in the dignity and worth of every single “individual”, where the innate worthfullness cannot be eclipsed either by economic or racial or social consideration
The Secondary Education Commission presented its report in 1953 which had recommendations on almost all aspects of secondary education
- The major recommendations of the Commission were:
- installation of higher secondary system;
- diversified courses;
- three language formula;
- emphasis on education and vocational guidance;
- improvement in methods of teaching, text books and system of examination; and improvement in building and equipment.
- Though the major recommendations of the Commission were related to secondary education, but it clearly indicated the importance of elementary education.
University Education Commission (1948-49)
It was setup under the chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishan.
first Commission on education after Independence. Its major emphasis was on higher education but it also touched upon the issues related to school education.
The University Education Commission laid great stress on the introduction of general education throughout school.
The Commission clearly wanted that school should diversify its outcomes in such a way that many could effectively participate in real life by taking up jobs or self-employment and only very few would continue study beyond school.
First recommendation of Three Language formula.
Secondary Education Commission (1952-53)
A separate education commission was appointed under the chairmanship of Dr. Lakshamanaswami Mudaliyar in 1952 to address the issues related to school education.
The Commission Report (1952) had envisaged schools to play a crucial role in developing democratic citizenship, emphasizing that “democracy is based on faith and in the dignity and worth of every single “individual”, where the innate worthfullness cannot be eclipsed either by economic or racial or social consideration
The Secondary Education Commission presented its report in 1953 which had recommendations on almost all aspects of secondary education
The major recommendations of the Commission were:
- installation of higher secondary system;
- diversified courses;
- three language formula;
- emphasis on education and vocational guidance;
- improvement in methods of teaching, text books and system of examination; and improvement in building and equipment.
Though the major recommendations of the Commission were related to secondary education, but it clearly indicated the importance of elementary education.
National Education Commission (1964-1966),
It was popularly known as Kothari Commission.
The terms of reference of the commission was to formulate the general principles and guidelines for the development of education from primary level to the highest and advise the government on a standardized national pattern of education in India.
It was the sixth commission in India post independence and the first commission with comprehensive terms of reference on education .
It suggested the restructuring of education into a uniform pattern of 10+2+3.
The Commission emphasized that the most urgent need was to upgrade the remuneration of teachers substantially, particularly at the school stages.
National Knowledge Commission (2009)
To encounter the educational challenges in 21st century, the National Knowledge Commission (NKC) was appointed.
National Knowledge Commission (NKC) was constituted in June 2005 by the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, under the Chairmanship of Mr. Sam Pitroda, to prepare a blueprint for reform of our knowledge related institutions and infrastructure which would enable India to meet the challenges of the future.
National Policy On Education:
National Policy on Education (1968)
Arising out of the recommendations of the Kothari Commission. It enunciated the 3 language formula.Hence, 3 language formula adopted in 1968.
The NPE-1968 very briefly indicated that strenuous efforts should be made for the early fulfillment of the Directive Principle under Article 45 of the Constitution seeking to provide free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14.
It laid stress on the need for a radical reconstruction of the education system to improve its quality at all stages and gave much greater attention to Science and Technology, the cultivation of moral values and a closer relation between education and the life of the people.
National Policy on Education (1986)
It was setup during the Rajiv Gandhi Govt. The Government of India reviewed the prevailing education system in 1985 and the policy was articulated in the document “Challenge of Education: A Policy Perspective”.
The 1986 policy acknowledged the achievement of policy goals set by the 1968 policy, like setting up of a school within a kilometer and adoption of a common education structure, it, however, stated that increased financial and organisational support was necessary to address problems of access and quality NPE 1986 proposed a national system of education based on the accepted structure of 10+2+3.
Recommendations relating to language practice were as follows: – it reiterated the 1968 three language formula, improvements in the linguistic competencies of students at different stages of education; – provision of facilities for the study of English and other foreign languages; and – development of Hindi language as a link language etc.
The Programme of Action (PoA) in this Policy proposed Operation Blackboard to improve the human and physical resources available in primary schools.
Important Schemes and Initiatives
Innovation Cell (Ministry of Education)
Innovation cell is Ministry of Education initiative and has been established at AICTE premises with a purpose to systematically foster the culture of Innovation in all Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) across the country.
The primary mandate of Innovation Cell is to encourage, inspire and nurture young students by exposing them to new ideas and processes resulting in innovative activities in their formative years fostered through Network of Innovation clubs in Higher Educational Institutions.
Smart India Hackathon Initiative
It is an initiative of Ministry of Education, AICTE, Persistent Systems.
The hackathon is a nationwide initiative to provide students with a platform to solve some of the pressing problems people face in daily lives, and thus inculcate a culture of product innovation and a mindset of problem-solving.
• The first edition of Smart India Hackathon was held in 2017.
• This hackathon is being organised jointly by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), Persistent Systems and i4c.
All technology Students from AICTE/UGC/IIT/NIT/IISER/IIIT/Govt approved educational institutions.
Team of 6 students is mandatory of which at least one should be a female candidate.
Three Language Formula
The three-language formula for language learning was formulated in 1968 by the Ministry of Education of the Government of India in consultation with the states.
The formula as enunciated in the 1968 National Policy Resolution which provided for the study of “Hindi, English and modern Indian language (preferably one of the southern languages) in the Hindi speaking states and Hindi, English and the Regional language in the non-Hindi speaking States”
The first recommendation for a three-language policy was made by the University Education Commission in 1948–49.
Shodhganga
It is a reservoir of Indian theses is a digital repository of theses and dissertations submitted to Indian universities. It is maintained by INFLIBNET Centre which is an autonomous Inter-University Centre of the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India.
was initially located in the campus of Gujarat University, Ahmedabad. As of January 2013, INFLIBNET Centre has moved to its new institutional building at infocity, Gandhinagar, capital of Gujarat.
ShodhShuddh
It is a Plagiarism Detection Software (PDS) launched by the union Ministry of HRD. This service is being implemented by Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET), an Inter University Centre (IUC) of UGC.
TechSagar
TechSagar, national repository of India’s cyber tech capabilities launched.
Launched by: National Cyber Security Coordinator’s office in partnership with Data Security Council (DSCI) of India.
• The repository will facilitate new opportunities for businesses and academia to collaborate, connect and innovate in future.
DSCI is a not-for-profit, industry body on data protection in India, setup by NASSCOM.
Swayam Portal
It is a Web portal where Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) will be available on all kinds of subjects for the students free of cost. The courses prepared by top teachers and professors across India.
Web Wonder Women Campaign
The campaign has been launched by the Ministry of women and child development, GOI, in association with the NGO breakthrough and twitter India.
IT aims to recognize the fortitude of Indian women stalwarts from across the globe who have used the power of social media to run positive & niche campaigns to steer a change in society.
Youth Co:Lab
Launched in India by Atal Innovation Mission,NITI Aayog with UNDP. which aims at accelerating social entrepreneurship and innovation in young India.
It was co-created in 2017 by UNDP and the Citi Foundation and is operational in 25 countries across the Asia Pacific region.
NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR TECHNOLOGY (NEAT) SCHEME
Ministry of HRD announces National Educational Alliance for Technology (NEAT) Scheme for using better technology for better learning outcomes in Higher Education.
• The objective is to use Artificial Intelligence to make learning more personalised and customised as per the requirements of the learner.
How it works?
- MHRD would act as a facilitator to ensure that the solutions are freely available to a large number of economically backward students.
- MHRD would create and maintain a National NEAT platform that would provide one-stop access to these technological solutions.
- EdTech companies would be responsible for developing solutions and manage registration of learners through the NEAT portal.
- They would be free to charge fees as per their policy.
- As their contribution towards the National cause, they would have to offer free coupons to the extent of 25% of the total registrations for their solution through NEAT portal.
- MHRD would distribute the free coupons for learning to the most socially/economically backward students.
- AICTE would be the implementing agency for NEAT programme.
Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan
Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan has been started with an aim to make at least one persons per family digitally literate.
Target is to train 6 crore persons in rural areas.
The Scheme is applicable only for rural areas of the country.
Entry criteria: The beneficiary should be Digitally Illiterate Only one person per eligible household would be considered for training Age Group: 14 – 60 years
